A new species of Tragopogon is described. As of now, the total number of species within the genus in Iran stands at 27, with 11 of them being endemic to Iran. The specimens of Tragopogon taleghanensis Safavi & Mahmoodi have been collected from Takhte-e-Valian Mountain in Central Alborz. It is related to the Tragopogon jezdianus Boiss. & Buhse., of which it can be distinguished by the plant habit and size, leaf size and arrangement, peduncle length and diameter, involucral bracts size, ligules color, and achene size.